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Monday, 19 March 2012

Nursing in the UK versus Australia: some thoughts

I'm about to hop on a plane to make the long journey to Australia to see family and friends and, most importantly, to attend the 30 year reunion of my training group at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. We celebrated the beginning of our training (1979) and now we meet again to celebrate the end of our training (1982). Many of the group now have admin, teaching or research roles in Australia and beyond so it will be a great opportunity to compare notes.

Nursing in the UK appears to be experiencing the same aches and pains as we had in Australia when nursing education changed to a degree course. The same old chestnuts are being trotted out here in the UK about the inability of university-educated nurses to fluff pillows and respond to patient needs. I must say that I fell into this trap myself as I had been away from clinical nursing for some time and returned to find wards staffed by young, university-educated nurses. It took a day to change my opinion after watching these nurses negotiate lab results, complex nursing procedures and nursing informatics. At the same time, they responded to patient needs with added skill as they were able to assess the reasons for difficult patient behaviours in a way that we were unable to. They had been trained in critical thinking. We had been trained to complete tasks.

 I tried to remember the sort of paperwork we completed when I started out in my training. I recall the patient record, of course but not much else. I seem to remember a communications book in some wards where messages were left. Probably about bowel movements! Most of the time,however, there was a lot of  'Does anyone know anything about Mr Smith's dressing?' or 'Does anyone know if Mr Smith has been for an X-ray or not?'.

We learned about the new 'Nursing Process' from America - assess,plan,implement,evaluate- and were a bit skeptical about it. After all, where do you keep the record of it? This is precisely why nurses have a lot of paperwork these days. It's important to record what has happened and if it is successful or not. The difficulty is in establishing a paperwork regime which is balanced and not recording every move the patient makes or doesn't make.

Recording patient information is an  important part of nursing not least as a means to assess staff levels and the skill mix required on the ward each shift. It's also important as a means of assessing the effectiveness or otherwise of some of the treatments used e.g. dressings. Some of these treatments are expensive and need to be replaced if they are not doing the job. How will we know if we don't keep records for nursing research.

Nursing Research is a vital part of nursing and will only be taken seriously if done in a proper manner following academic procedure. This is another reason for insisting on nursing education levels which match the levels of other Health care Professionals. Nurses are told that they are at the coalface of healthcare yet denied the same status as other HCPs if they are not educated to the same level.

This brings me to my last point; that of the education of Aged Care Workers. I cannot help but compare the UK situation with that of Australia. In Australia, prospective workers undertake a 12 month Aged Care Certificate III where they learn about the specific needs of the elderly. They learn the skills needed to work with the elderly and their competency in undertaking these skills is assessed before they set forth in their new jobs. It is extremely worrying to see the situation in the UK which reminds me of how it was in Australia many years ago. Untrained or barely trained Aged Care Workers try to care for the elderly without the knowledge they require to understand the special needs of the elderly, particularly those with dementia. I recently worked in a large NHS hospital which is like any other in the country. Medical wards full of the 'very elderly', patients in their 90s with even more needs than the 'elderly'. This area of care is huge and growing rapidly but we are not training health workers adequately to deal with the challenges they'll face there. We are also not paying them a living wage to do so. But that's another blog..

Friday, 2 March 2012

Presentation at the Teacher Training in EMP seminars

The presentation I gave in Oxford last month on changing issues in teaching EMP.http://www.slideshare.net/virginiaallum2010/teacher-training-in-emp

Wednesday, 29 February 2012

"Recruiting for values and then training for skills is enormously important."

I went up to London last week to attend an information session on the recently formed Nursing and Care Quality Forum, chaired by Sally Brearley. http://cno.dh.gov.uk/2012/01/31/nursing-and-care-quality-forum/ .The suggestion was made that the recruitment of student nurses should include an assessment of the student nurse's ability to be caring and have 'the right sort of values'. In an article today on BBC Health http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-17195679 mention was made that 'dignity was "the essence of proper nursing"'. Whilst I believe this to be true, it is almost one of those sayings which 'goes without saying'.

This morning, I also listened to the Today programme on BBC4 where the issue of care of the elderly in our hospitals was discussed. There seems to be a lack of appreciation of the difficulties faced by nurses and HCAs to provide compassionate care to a ward which is often full of predominantly elderly and very elderly patients and the lack of safe staffing levels which will allow this to happen.

I have recently nursed in wards which are a mix of six-bed bays and side rooms (for isolation) where most of the patients are not in their 80s,they are in their 90s. This is another phenomenon which is not being discussed. The very elderly are often very frail and frequently have an overlay of dementia.

Measures like Intentional Rounding (the deliberate visiting of a patient every hour or two hours to check on their needs) were introduced to ensure that good nursing care is provided. However, with the best will in the world. this can only happen if staffing levels are maintained at a safe level.

Many nurses and HCAs work long shifts; 13 and 1/2 hour shifts are not uncommon. I have worked with nurses on these shifts who say things like 'well, no break for me this afternoon!' or 'I think I went to the toilet at 9 am this morning' (said at 8pm).

These factors will not change in the future;in fact they will get worse. The elderly continue to live longer, there are fewer intact families to provide the additional care (support at home, visiting in hospital) and staff levels are difficult to maintain as more and more nurses and HCAs decide they can earn more for less work in almost any other job. The fact that many remain is a testament to their caring natures.

The NHS and private hospitals will have to continue to draw on overseas nurses to fill the void. At the recent Nursing and Care Quality Forum session, I asked what focus there would be on language skills testing of all nurses who come into the country to work and language support for those nurses who struggle with English for Medical Purposes. This need appeared to be a focus which had not been thought of or indeed known much about.

I spoke on Teacher Training in EMP last Saturday at the Oxford International Study Centre, Oxford and before that at the Wimbledon School of English . It was heartening to see the beginnings of a groundswell in the awareness of English for Medical Purposes as a specialty course which overseas doctors and nurses ,and other heathcare professionals,need to undertake to ensure safe practice and an understanding of the UK hospital culture.

During the radio programme today I heard the word 'communication' and related expressions several times: talking to the elderly in a way which shows dignity, spending a few minutes to chat to the elderly to understand their needs for the day, effective communication and so on.

It gets back to the heart of nursing. I am about to return to Australia for a reunion of my nursing group, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 1979-1982. We are celebrating the anniversary of the end of our training as we celebrated the anniversary of the start of our training in 2009. We were taught how to care, that's true, but it was in a different environment. The Baby Boomers still staffed the wards, technology was minimal compared to today and paperwork? I think I remember a communication book and the patient record.

I firmly believe that a certain amount of paperwork is essential to ensure checks and balances. As nursing in the UK moves towards a degree course in 2013 there will be changes,changes which I see as essential for nursing in the UK to join the ranks of other countries which see nursing as a legitimate profession standing at the same level as other healthcare professionals.

Having a caring nature or the willingness to show compassion is only one aspect of good nursing care. Registered Nurses need to be able to nurse their patients as a whole; managing physical, emotional,spiritual and cultural needs. Healthcare Assistants need and often receive, training in basic nursing care and training in the observation of risk factors. There is,however, a need to standardise the training and ensure that competency assessment is undertaken before HCAs commence their work on the ward. The current practice of allowing HCAs to start work and then 'train' ,sometimes by distance education, is not optimal.

Similarly, the training of carers ,or lack of it, in the Aged Care sector is a scandal and makes me think of the situation I remembered in Australia in the 1970's and 1980's. In Australia today, any Carer (called Personal Care Assistant) must undertake a 12 month Aged Care Certificate III and be signed off as competent before starting employment in any Aged Care Facility, private or government run. This acts as a safeguard for the elderly and also a sifting of unsuitable workers. Aged Care is a complex area especially dementia care and requires skills in communication and awareness of the changing physical needs of the elderly. As in the UK, the Australian Aged Care sector is made up of a large number of overseas workers who need language support to be able to deal with the complex communication scenarios they will encounter.

Recruiting for values is important but offering future nurses the environment where they can care for their patients in a caring way is just as important. If we cannot offer student nurses the vision of a career path in nursing where they can invisage making a difference to the lives of their patients, who will we attract to the profession?

Monday, 27 February 2012

Infermiers magazine

First article published in the French Infermiers.com magazine. http://www.infirmiers.com/etudiants-en-ifsi/cours/anglais-medical-tout-sur-les-signes-vitaux.html . I will be contributing an article every quarter to the magazine so please have a look. Bonus point to the first person who discovers my spelling mistake in the article!

Tuesday, 14 February 2012

English for Medical Purposes: Health Care Assistants

Blog hit 100 views yesterday!

I wonder if fellow bloggers have targets for readership of their blogs? My target has been 100 a day which I managed for the first time yesterday. Thank you to all viewers of the blog. I'll have to set a new target of 200 now.

Writing posts on blogs is very good practice for EMP students so dust off the keyboard and send in a post or start a thread. I would love to hear from more of you.

Sunday, 12 February 2012

'Pills and booze' : A lesson plan?

Waking up to the news of another singing talent wasted through drug and alcohol abuse I wondered, with my teaching hat on, how the news of Whitney Houston's death could become a lesson for EMP students. Students coming to a class after hearing of disasters or sudden deaths are understandably distressed and unable to concentrate on the planned lesson. So it's wise to have an 'emergency lesson' up your sleeve.

Drug and alcohol issues are a significant part of healthcare in all countries, in one form or another. Potential discussions are:
What is the drug of choice in your country?
Is alcohol abuse a problem in your country?
What programmes are in place to deal with D&A abuse?

Vocabulary revision incluses phrases such as:
D&A (drug and alcohol)
illicit or illegal drugs
recreational drugs
party drugs
binge drinking
excessive drinking
attend rehab
group therapy
to dry out
to go 'cold turkey'

It's a good opportunity to practise communication frameworks such as:
giving an opinion (e.g on treatment choices for drug addicts)
speaking at a team meeting (e.g to decide options for a patient with chronic alcoholism)

Supporting students in their ability to speak at a Team Meeting is very important as this can be daunting. The Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT - a variety of healthcare professionals who are looking after a particular patient) will meet to discuss particularly difficult cases which require the input of several workers. During the meeting, there is a need to:
summarise the patient's past history
describe current status
describe the home situation
give opinions on the patient's ability to cope at home

Practising Team Meetings can be done effectively using role play after giving each group a scenario (case file) to work with. With more able students, time can be given to prepare the role play so that students can research authentic materials such as information about rehab places and medication information.

It's also a good idea to have a think about the structure of groups and issues such as 'turn taking'. Activities where students identify themselves with a particular Team Member personality can be quite a lot of fun. For example, activities which present a series of animals which students identify with and then explain why. For example; 'I chose the lion because I like to be the centre of attention in a team meeting' etc.

Encourage students to develop a glossary of the terms which they use during their Team Meeting and encourage them to put them in context (in a sentence). The way this can be done can be seen on a website called Vocab Trainer. By putting the terms in context, they become more meaningful. The glossaries can be used as a basis for worksheets which are easily produced using resources on websites such as Tools for English.com

Finally, help students develop strategies to manage their involvement in team meetings. For example, how to ask for clarification, how to ask speakers to slow down, how to alert other team members that you are very nervous!